AJIC: American Journal of Infection Control
Volume 35, Issue 5 , Pages 338-341 , June 2007

Monitoring the effectiveness of cleaning in four British hospitals

  • Rose A. Cooper, PhD

      Affiliations

    • From the School of Health Sciences, University of Wales Institute, Cardiff, Wales
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to Rose A. Cooper, School of Health Sciences, University of Wales Institute, Llandaff Campus, Western Avenue, Cardiff CF5 2YB Wales, United Kingdom.
    • ,
  • Chris J. Griffith, PhD

      Affiliations

    • From the School of Health Sciences, University of Wales Institute, Cardiff, Wales
    • ,
  • Rifhat E. Malik, BSc

      Affiliations

    • From the School of Health Sciences, University of Wales Institute, Cardiff, Wales
    • ,
  • Peter Obee, MSc

      Affiliations

    • From the School of Health Sciences, University of Wales Institute, Cardiff, Wales
    • ,
  • Nick Looker, PhD, MSc, FRCPath

      Affiliations

    • Public Health Laboratory Services, Glan Clwyd Hospital, Bodelwyddan, Denbighshire, Wales, United Kingdom

References 

  1. Commission for Healthcare and Audit Inspection in England. Snapshot of Hospital Cleanliness 2005.
  2. O'Brian A. Hospital cleaning to get standardised audits: move to monitor privatized housekeeping sparked by concern over infections 2005. Available from: http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/specials/websterawards/story.html?id=9ec7e122-9e91-479c-b30b-566a182d5e27. Accessed November 8, 2006.
  3. National Audit Office Wales. The management and delivery of hospital cleaning services in Wales. May 2003.
  4. Health service executive report on a national acute hospitals hygiene audit undertaken on behalf of the national hospitals office 2005. Available from: http://www.hse.ie/en/Publications/HSEPublications/FiletoUpload,2618,en.pdf. Accessed November 8, 2006.
  5. Unison. Hospital contract cleaning and infection control 2005. Available from: http://www.unison.org.uk/acrobat/14564.pdf. Accessed November 8, 2006.
  6. Department of Health. Revised guidelines on contracting for cleaning. NHS Estates, reference 4217; 2004. Available from: http://www.dh.gov.uk/PublicationsAndStatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidanceArticle/fs/en?CONTENT_ID=4097532&chk=REP8s6. Accessed November 8, 2006.
  7. Department of Health. Towards cleaner hospitals and lower rates of infection: a summary of action; 2004. Available from: http://www.dh.gov.uk/PublicationsAndStatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidanceArticle/fs/en?CONTENT_ID=4085649&chk=yph9nL. Accessed November 8, 2006.
  8. Dancer SJ. How do we assess hospital cleaning? A proposal for microbiological standards for surface hygiene in hospitals. J Hosp Infect. 2004;56:10–15
  9. Griffith CJ. Monitoring the effectiveness of cleaning: detection and sampling. In: Lelieveld , Mostert , Holah , White  editor. Improving hygiene in the food industry. Cambridge (UK): Woodhead Publishing Ltd; 2005;
  10. BS EN 13549 Cleaning services. Basic requirements and recommendations for quality measuring systems 2001.
  11. Malik RE, Cooper RA, Griffith CJ. The use of audit tools to evaluate the efficacy of cleaning systems in hospitals. Am J Infect Control. 2002;31:181–187
  12. Griffith CJ, Cooper RA, Gilmore J, Davies C, Lewis M. An evaluation of hospital cleaning regimes and standards. J Hosp Infect. 2000;45:19–28
  13. Griffith CJ, Malik RE, Cooper RA, Looker N, Michaels B. Environmental surface cleanliness and the potential for contamination during handwashing. Am J Infect Control. 2003;31:93–96
  14. Redmond EC, Griffith CJ. Evaluation of consumer food safety education initiatives in the UK and determination of effective strategies for food safety risk communication. A report for the Food Standards Agency, London 2005.
  15. Swedish Food Agency. The Swedish Statute Book 1998; SLV SFS, 10.
  16. Cleanzine. Available from: http://www.thecleanzine.com/pages2/Report-HealthcareHygiene.html. Accessed November 8, 2006.
  17. Biotrace. Clean-Trace User Guide: Cooked meat. Accessed November 8, 2006. Available from: http://www.biotrace.co.uk/content.php?hID=5&nhID=82.
  18. Dillon M, Griffith CJ. How to clean: a management guide. MD Associates. Humberside. 1999;
  19. NHS Scotland. Managing the risk of healthcare associated infection in NHS Scotland. Report of a Joint Scottish Executive Health Department and NHS Scotland Working Group, April 2001. Available from: http://www.show.scot.nhs.uk/sehd/mels/HDL2001_53Carey.pdf. Accessed November 8, 2006.
  20. Hirai Y. Survival of bacteria under dry conditions, from a viewpoint of nosocomial infections. J Hosp Infect. 1991;19:191–200
  21. Lewis T, Gallo M, Weinbren M, Griffith CJ. An assessment of the effectiveness of modified hospital cleaning protocols using visual, ATP bioluminescence, and microbiological analysis. J Hosp Infect. 2006;64(Supp 1):55–56

PII: S0196-6553(06)01180-1

doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2006.07.015

AJIC: American Journal of Infection Control
Volume 35, Issue 5 , Pages 338-341 , June 2007

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