The prevalence and risk factors for percutaneous injuries in registered nurses in the home health care sector
published online 13 February 2009.
Background
Patients continue to enter home health care (HHC) “sicker and quicker,” often with complex health problems that require extensive intervention. This higher level of acuity may increase the risk of percutaneous injury (PI), yet information on the risk and risk factors for PI and other types of exposures in this setting is exceptionally sparse. To address this gap, a large cross-sectional study of self-reported exposures in HHC registered nurses (RNs) was conducted.
Methods
A convenience sample of HHC RNs (N=738) completed a survey addressing 5 major constructs: (1) worker-centered characteristics, (2) patient-related characteristics, (3) household characteristics, (4) organizational factors, and (5) prevalence of PIs and other blood and body fluid exposures. Analyses were directed at determining significant risk factors for exposure.
Results
Fourteen percent of RNs reported one or more PIs in the past 3 years (7.6 per 100 person-years). Nearly half (45.8%) of all PIs were not formally reported. PIs were significantly correlated with a number of factors, including lack of compliance with Standard Precautions (odds ratio [OR], 1.72; P=.019; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-2.71); recapping of needles (OR, 1.78; P=.016; 95% CI: 1.11-2.86); exposure to household stressors (OR, 1.99; P=.005; 95% CI: 1.22-3.25); exposure to violence (OR, 3.47; P=.001; 95% CI: 1.67-7.20); mandatory overtime (OR, 2.44; P=.006; 95% CI: 1.27-4.67); and safety climate (OR, 1.88; P=.004; 95% CI: 1.21-2.91) among others.
Conclusion
The prevalence of PI was substantial. Underreporting rates and risk factors for exposure were similar to those identified in other RN work populations, although factors uniquely associated with home care were also identified. Risk mitigation strategies tailored to home care are needed to reduce risk of exposure in this setting.
aMailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
bDepartment of Psychology, Loyola College, Baltimore, MD
cColumbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY
Address correspondence to Robyn R. M. Gershon, MT, MHS, DrPH, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10032.
Supported by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (5 R01 OH008215-03).
Disclaimer: The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency. The authors report no conflicts of interest.
ABSTRACT