AJIC: American Journal of Infection Control
Volume 38, Issue 2 , Pages 130-138 , March 2010

Bloodborne pathogen risk reduction activities in the body piercing and tattooing industry

  • Everett J. Lehman, MS

      Affiliations

    • Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to Everett (Chip) Lehman, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, Industrywide Studies Branch, 4676 Columbia Parkway, R-13, Cincinnati, OH 45226.
    • ,
  • Janice Huy, MS

      Affiliations

    • Office of the Director, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH
    • ,
  • Elizabeth Levy, MPH, CHES

      Affiliations

    • Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH
    • ,
  • Susan M. Viet, PhD, CIH

      Affiliations

    • Westat, Rockville, MD
    • ,
  • Amy Mobley, MEn

      Affiliations

    • Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH
    • ,
  • Truda Z. McCleery, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Office of the Director, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH

References 

  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Recommendations for prevention of HIV transmission in health care settings. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1987;36(Suppl 2S):1–16
  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Update: universal precautions for prevention of transmission of HIV, HBV and other bloodborne pathogens in health care settings. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1988;37:377–388
  3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Standards for prevention of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus to health care and public safety workers. A response to P.L. 100–607, the Health Omnibus Programs Extension Act of 1988. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1989;38(Suppl 6):3–37
  4. Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations, part 1910.1030, Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens.
  5. Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act 2000. Public Law 106-430 US Statutes at Large 1901. 2000;114
  6. Huy JM, Ross CS, Boudreau AY, Weber AM. Occupational blood-borne pathogen exposures among community workers. Clin Occup Environ Med. 2002;2:537–556
  7. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Standard interpretations: applicability of the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard to the tattoo and body piercing industries. July 29, 2002.
  8. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health . What every worker should know: how to protect yourself from needlestick injuries. Cincinnati (OH): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: NIOSH Publication; 2000;135
  9. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health . Alert: preventing needlestick injuries in health care settings. Cincinnati (OH): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;: NIOSH Publication; 2000;108
  10. Tattoo and Certain Body Piercing Studio Act . Texas Health and Safety Code, Chapter 146. April 23, 2000;
  11. Raymond M, Pirie L, Halcon L. Infection control among professional tattooists in Minneapolis and St Paul, MN. Public Health Rep. 2001;116:249–256
  12. Raymond M, Halcon L, Pirie L. Regulation of tattooing in Minneapolis and St Paul, Minnesota: tattooists' attitudes and relationship between regulation and practice. Public Health Rep. 2003;118:154–161
  13. Goudey RE, Thompson SC. Evaluation of infection control in registered tattooing premises in Victoria, 1994. Aust NZ J Public Health. 1997;21:22–28
  14. Weber AM. Evaluation of potential bloodborne pathogen exposures among body piercers. Appl Occup Environ Hyg. 2001;16:925–935
  15. City of Philadelphia . Department of Public Health. Regulations Governing Operation and Conduct of Tattoo and Body Piercing Establishments. February 26, 2002;
  16. Armstrong ML. Tattooing, body piercing, and permanent cosmetics: a historical and current view of state regulations, with continuing concerns. J Environ Health. 2005;67:38–43
  17. Occupational Safety and Health Administration . Multi-Employer Citation Policy. CPL 02-00-124. 1999;
  18. Armstrong ML, Ekmark E, Brooks B. Body piercing: promoting informed decision making. J School Nurs. 1995;11:20–25
  19. Gauthier DK, Turner JG, Langley LG, Neil CJ, Rush PL. Monitoring universal precautions: a new assessment tool. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1991;12:597–601
  20. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Standard interpretations: most frequently asked questions concerning the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard. February 1, 1993.

 The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. All funds supporting this project were provided by the US Government.

 Conflicts of interest: None to report.

PII: S0196-6553(09)00832-3

doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2009.07.008

AJIC: American Journal of Infection Control
Volume 38, Issue 2 , Pages 130-138 , March 2010

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