AJIC: American Journal of Infection Control
Volume 38, Issue 2 , Pages 105-111 , March 2010

Contact precautions for multidrug-resistant organisms: Current recommendations and actual practice

  • Sarah A. Clock, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Center for Interdisciplinary Research to Reduce Antimicrobial Resistance, School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY
    • ,
  • Bevin Cohen, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Center for Interdisciplinary Research to Reduce Antimicrobial Resistance, School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY
    • ,
  • Maryam Behta, PharmD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Information Services, Weill-Cornell Medical Center, New York–Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
    • ,
  • Barbara Ross, RN, CIC

      Affiliations

    • Department of Epidemiology, Weill-Cornell Medical Center, New York–Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
    • ,
  • Elaine L. Larson, RN, PhD, CIC

      Affiliations

    • Center for Interdisciplinary Research to Reduce Antimicrobial Resistance, School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to Elaine L. Larson, Columbia University School of Nursing, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032.

References 

  1. Cosgrove SE. The relationship between antimicrobial resistance and patient outcomes: mortality, length of hospital stay, and health care costs. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;15(Suppl 2):S82–S89
  2. Klevens RM, Edwards JR, Richards CL, Horan TC, Gaynes RP, Pollock DA, et al. Estimating health care–associated infections and deaths in US hospitals, 2002. Public Health Rep. 2007;122:160–166
  3. Boucher HW, Talbot GH, Bradley JS, Edwards JE, Gilbert D, Rice LB, et al. Bad bugs, no drugs: no ESKAPE! An update from the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48:1–12
  4. Siegel JD, Rhinehart E, Jackson M, Chiarello L. 2007 guideline for isolation precautions: preventing transmission of infectious agents in health care settings. Am J Infect Control. 2007;35(Suppl 2):S65–164
  5. Siegel JD, Rhinehart E, Jackson M, Chiarello L. Management of multidrug-resistant organisms in health care settings, 2006. Am J Infect Control. 2007;35(Suppl 2):S165–S193
  6. Larson EL, Quiros D, Lin SX. Dissemination of the CDC's hand hygiene guideline and impact on infection rates. Am J Infect Control. 2007;35:666–675
  7. DiGiorgio M, Cohn D, Bertin M, Matthews J, Gordon S. Healthcare worker compliance with contact precautions: do as I say, not as I do. Program and abstracts of the 35th Annual Conference of the Association for Professionals in Infection Control, Denver, CO, 2008.
  8. Cohen AL, Calfee D, Fridkin SK, Huang SS, Jernigan JA, Lautenbach E, et al. Recommendations for metrics for multidrug-resistant organisms in healthcare settings: SHEA/HICPAC position paper. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2008;29:901–913
  9. Consensus Measurement in Hand Hygiene Project. Measuring hand hygiene adherence: overcoming the barriers. Oakbrook Terrace (IL): The Joint Commission. 2009;
  10. Haas JP, Larson EL. Measurement of compliance with hand hygiene. J Hosp Infect. 2007;66:6–14
  11. Eveillard M, Grandin S, Zihoune N, Benlolo JA, Branger C, Dreyfuss D, et al. Evaluation of compliance with preventive barrier precautions to control meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus cross-transmission in four non-intensive acute-care wards of a French teaching hospital. J Hosp Infect. 2007;65:81–83
  12. Vayalumkal JV, Streitenberger L, Wray R, Goldman C, Freeman R, Drews S, et al. Survey of isolation practices at a tertiary care pediatric hospital. Am J Infect Control. 2007;35:207–211
  13. Golan Y, Doron S, Griffith J, El Gamal H, Tanios M, Blunt K, et al. The impact of gown-use requirement on hand hygiene compliance. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42:370–376
  14. Bearman GM, Marra AR, Sessler CN, Smith WR, Rosato A, Laplante JK, et al. A controlled trial of universal gloving versus contact precautions for preventing the transmission of multidrug-resistant organisms. Am J Infect Control. 2007;35:650–655
  15. Pittet D, Hugonnet S, Harbarth S, Mourouga P, Sauvan V, Touveneau S, et al. Effectiveness of a hospital-wide programme to improve compliance with hand hygiene. Infection Control Programme. Lancet. 2000;356:1307–1312
  16. Mangini E, Segal-Maurer S, Burns J, Avicolli A, Urban C, Mariano N, et al. Impact of contact and droplet precautions on the incidence of hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007;28:1261–1266
  17. Eveillard M, Eb F, Tramier B, Schmit JL, Lescure FX, Biendo M, et al. Evaluation of the contribution of isolation precautions in prevention and control of multi-resistant bacteria in a teaching hospital. J Hosp Infect. 2001;47:116–124
  18. D'Agata EM, Webb GF, Horn MA, Moellering RC, Ruan S. Modeling the invasion of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus into hospitals. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48:274–284
  19. Larson E. Compliance with isolation technique. Am J Infect Control. 1983;11:221–225
  20. Manian FA, Ponzillo JJ. Compliance with routine use of gowns by healthcare workers (HCWs) and non-HCW visitors on entry into the rooms of patients under contact precautions. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007;28:337–340
  21. Weber DJ, Sickbert-Bennett EE, Brown VM, Brooks RH, Kittrell IP, Featherstone BJ, et al. Compliance with isolation precautions at a university hospital. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007;28:358–361
  22. Getchell-White SI, Donowitz LG, Groschel DH. The inanimate environment of an intensive care unit as a potential source of nosocomial bacteria: evidence for long survival of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1989;10:402–407
  23. Wendt C, Dietze B, Dietz E, Ruden H. Survival of Acinetobacter baumannii on dry surfaces. J Clin Microbiol. 1997;35:1394–1397
  24. Snyder GM, Thom KA, Furuno JP, Perencevich EN, Roghmann MC, Strauss SM, et al. Detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci on the gowns and gloves of healthcare workers. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2008;29:583–589
  25. Smith CL, Liang S, Morgan DJ, Johnson JK, Furuno JJ, Thom K, et al. Contamination of healthcare workers' gowns and gloves with multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii occurs frequently after patient contact. Program and abstracts of the 19th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. San Diego, CA, 2009.

 Financial support was provided by Association for Prevention Teaching and Research–Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cooperative Agreement 5U50CD3000-860-21. S.C. was supported by the National Institute of Nursing Research (Grant 5T90NR010824-02) in Columbia University's Training in Interdisciplinary Research to Reduce Antimicrobial Resistance program.

 Conflicts of interest: None to report.

PII: S0196-6553(09)00837-2

doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2009.08.008

AJIC: American Journal of Infection Control
Volume 38, Issue 2 , Pages 105-111 , March 2010

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution