Background
Methods
Results
Conclusion
Key Words
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to American Journal of Infection ControlReferences
- Mild hypothermia increases blood loss and transfusion requirements during total hip arthroplasty.Lancet. 1996; 347: 289-292
- Effects of warming on healing.J Wound Care. 2005; 14: 133-136
- Study of Wound Infection and Temperature Group. Perioperative normothermia to reduce the incidence of surgical wound infection and shorten hospitalization.N Engl J Med. 1996; 334: 1209-1215
- Hypothermia during elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: the high price of avoidable morbidity.J Vasc Surg. 1995; 21: 392-400
- Maintaining intraoperative normothermia: a meta-analysis of outcomes with costs.J Am Assoc Nurse Anesth. 1999; 67: 155-163
- Effects of perioperative hypothermia and warming in surgical practice.Int Wound J. 2005; 2: 193-204
- Bair Hugger therapy: warming units and accessories.(Available from:) (Accessed January 22, 2010)
- Dispersal of bacteria on desquamated skin.Lancet. 1962; 2: 1295-1297
- Dispersal of skin microorganisms.Br J Dermatol. 1975; 93: 477-485
- Quantitative studies on the dispersal of skin bacteria into the air.J Med Microbiol. 1976; 9: 53-61
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Guideline for prevention of surgical site infection, 1999.Am J Infect Control. 1999; 27: 97-132
- The virulence of Staphylococcus pyogenes for man: a study of the problems of wound infection.Br J Exp Pathol. 1957; 38: 573-586
- Bacteria isolated from deep joint sepsis after operation for total hip or knee replacement and the sources of the infections with Staphylococcus aureus.J Hosp Infect. 1983; 4: 19-29
- Guidelines for environmental infection control in healthcare facilities: recommendations of CDC and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC).MMWR Recomm Rep. 2003; 52: 1-42
- Forced-air warming: a source of airborne contamination in the operating room?.Orthop Rev. 2009; 1: e28
- Convection warmers—not just hot air.Anaesthesia. 1997; 52: 1073-1076
- Infection control hazards of intraoperative forced air warming.J Hosp Infect. 2002; 51: 153-154
- Persistent Acinetobacter baumannii? Look inside your medical equipment.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2004; 25: 1002-1004
- The Bair Hugger patient warming system in prolonged vascular surgery: an infection risk?.Crit Care. 2003; 7: R13-R16
- Convection warmers: a possible source of contamination in laminar airflow operating theatres?.J Hosp Infect. 2002; 52: 171-174
- Convective warming therapy does not increase the risk of wound contamination in the operating room.Anesth Analg. 1993; 76: 50-53
- Hypothermia/warming protocols: why are they not widely used in the OR?.AORN J. 2008; 87: 333-344
- Randomized clinical trial of perioperative systemic warming in major elective abdominal surgery.Br J Surg. 2007; 94: 421-426
- Systemic warming as an adjunct to resuscitation in peritonitis: a pilot, randomized controlled trial.Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2007; 8: 387-395
- Comparison of forced-air warming and electric heating pad for maintenance of body temperature during total knee replacement.Anaesthesia. 2006; 61: 1100-1104
- Evaluation of two warming systems after cardiopulmonary bypass.Br J Anaesth. 1996; 77: 268-270
- Resistive polymer versus forced-air warming: comparable heat transfer and core rewarming rates in volunteers.Anesth Analg. 2008; 107: 1621-1626
- Resistive-heating and forced-air warming are comparably effective.Anesth Analg. 2003; 96: 1683-1687
- Warming by resistive heating maintains perioperative normothermia as well as forced-air heating.Br J Anaesth. 2003; 90: 689-691
- Electrostatic ignition hazards in the process industry.J Electrostat. 2005; 63: 447-453
- Studies on the dispersal of staphylococci.J Clin Pathol. 1965; 18: 16-19
- The size distribution of airborne particles carrying micro-organisms.J Hyg (Lond). 1963; 61: 385-391
- The dimensions of skin fragments dispersed into the air during activity.J Hyg (Lond). 1978; 81: 471-479
- Sampling and characterization of bioaerosols.in: NIOSH manual of analytical methods. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA1998: 82-112
- Surgical management of the infected arthroplasty.J Hosp Infect. 1988; 11: 48-56
- Labeling reusable medical devices for reprocessing in healthcare facilities.(Available from:) (Accessed January 25, 2010)
- Draft guidance document: information to be provided by manufacturers for the reprocessing and sterilization of reusable medical devices.(Available from:) (Accessed January 25, 2010)
Directive C. 93/42/EEC of 14 June 1993 concerning medical devices. Official Journal of the European Communities 1993;169:1-43.
- NICE and warm.Br J Anaesth. 2008; 101: 293-295
- Safe surgery saves lives.(Available from:) (Accessed January 25, 2010)
Article info
Publication history
Footnotes
Conflict of interest: David Leaper chaired the NICE guideline on SSI prevention and treatment, is a member of the Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infection advisory committee in the UK, and has served as a consultant/paid lecturer to several healthcare companies in relation to SSI. Mark Albrecht is a researcher funded by Augustine Biomedical + Design. None of the other authors have any conflicts of interest to report.