The Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc (APIC),
is a multidisciplinary organization of more than 12,000 health care professionals
who practice infection control and epidemiology within a variety of health care settings.
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to American Journal of Infection ControlAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Bronchoscopy.Am Rev Respir Dis. 1975; 111: 62-88
- Gastrointestinal endoscopy.N Engl J Med. 1991; 325: 1142-9-1214-22
- Instrument design and cross-infection.AORN J. 1998; 67 (556): 552-553
- Transmission of infection by gastrointestinal endoscopy.Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118: 117-128
- Recommended practices: the use and care of endoscopes.AORN J. 1993; 57: 543-550
- Care and cleansing of the fiberoptic bronchoscope.Chest. 1978; 73: 761-763
- APIC guideline for selection and use of disinfectants.AJIC Am J Infect Control. 1996; 24: 313-342
- Cleaning and disinfection of equipment for gastrointestinal flexible endoscopy: interim recommendations of a Working Party of the British Society of Gastroenterology.Gut. 1988; 29: 1134-1151
- Recommended guidelines for infection control in gastrointestinal endoscopy settings.SGNA, Rochester (NY)1990
- Standards and recommended practices for perioperative nursing, instruments, scopes, and powered surgical instruments.AORN, Denver1992
- Disinfection practices for endoscopes and other semicritical items.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1991; 12: 282-288
- Infection control practices in gastrointestinal endoscopy in the United States: a national survey.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1991; 12: 289-296
- Multi-state investigation of the actual disinfection/sterilization of endoscopes in health care facilities.Am J Med. 1992; 92: 257-261
- Strategies for disinfection and sterilization of endoscopes: the gap between basic principles and actual practice.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1991; 12: 279-281
- Variability in reprocessing policies and procedures for flexible fiberoptic endoscopes in Massachusetts hospitals.AJIC Am J Infect Control. 1992; 20: 283-290
- A national survey of physicians' and nurses' attitudes toward endoscope cleaning and potential for cross-infection.Gastroenterol Nurs. 1992;Oct; : 59-65
- APIC guideline for infection prevention and control in flexible endoscopy.AJIC Am J Infect Control. 1994; 2: 19-38
- Reprocessing of flexible gastrointestinal endoscopes.Gastrointest Endosc. 1996; 43: 540-546
- Standards for infection control and reprocessing of flexible gastrointestinal endoscopes.Gastroenterol Nurs. 1997; 20: 1-13
- Infection control during gastrointestinal endoscopy. December 1998 (Pub. No. 1033. American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy)
- Patient-to-patient transmission of hepatitis C virus during colonoscopy.N Engl J Med. 1997; 337: 237-240
- Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by a fiberoptic bronchoscope.JAMA. 1997; 278: 1093-1095
- Transmission of a highly drug-resistant strain (strain W1) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis : community outbreak and nosocomial transmission via a contaminated bronchoscope.JAMA. 1997; 278: 1073-1077
- Tuberculosis infection after bronchoscopy.JAMA. 1997; 278: 1111
- Nosocomial infection from contaminated endoscopes: a flawed commercial endoscope washer.Am J Med. 1991; 91: 272S-280S
- Cleaning and disinfection of fiberoptic endoscopes: evaluation of glutaraldehyde exposure time and forced-air drying.Gastroenterology. 1982; 83: 613-618
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection during endoscopy.Gastroenterology. 1987; 93: 1451
- Nosocomial infections and pseudoinfections from contaminated bronchoscopes: two-year follow up using molecular markers.Infect. Control and Hosp Epidemiol. 1997; 18: 134-135
- MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999; 48: 557-560
- The involvement of cell-to-cell signals in the development of a bacterial biofilm.Science. 1998; 280: 295-297
- One for all and all for one.Science. 1998; 280: 226-227
- Disinfection of endoscopes: review of new chemical sterilants used for high-level disinfection.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1999; 20: 69-76
- Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1997; 18: 136-137
- Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: epidemiology, risk factors, and decontamination. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta1999 ([draft])
- Sterilization or disinfection of flexible fiberoptic endoscopes.AORN J. 1979; 30: 350-352
- Effective use of liquid chemical germicides on medical devices: instrument design problems.in: 4th ed. Disinfection, sterilization, and preservation. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia1991: 1097-2106
- Comparison of ion plasma, vaporized hydrogen peroxide and 100% ethylene oxide sterilizers to the 12/88 ethylene oxide gas sterilizer.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1996; 17: 92-100
- Endoscopic maintenance and repairs.Gastrointest Endosc Clin North Am. 1993; 3: 559-569
- Viral hepatitis B infection risk in flexible fiberoptic endoscopy.Gastrointest Endosc. 1978; 24: 225-230
- A simple method for cleaning flexible fiberoptic endoscopes by all-channel perfusion.J Hosp Infect. 1983; 4: 81-86
- Automatic washers/disinfectors for flexible endoscopes.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1991; 12: 497-498
- Cleaning and disinfection of flexible endoscopes and ancillary equipment: use of automatic disinfectors.J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1991; 6: 45-47
- Comparison of automated systems for the cleaning and disinfection of flexible fiberoptic endoscopes.J Hosp Infect. 1984; 5: 213-226
- Occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens: final rule.Federal Register. Dec 6, 1991; (29 C.F.R. part 1910.1030)
- Chemical disinfection of medical and surgical materials.in: Disinfection, sterilization and preservation. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia1968: 517-531
- Chemical disinfection of medical and surgical materials.in: 4th ed. Disinfection, sterilization and preservation. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia1991: 617-641
- CDC guideline for handwashing and hospital environmental control, 1985.Infect Control. 1986; 7: 231-243
- Glutaraldehyde.in: 4th ed. Disinfection, sterilization, and preservation. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia1991: 596-614
- Alkalinzed glutaraldehyde, a new antimicrobial agent.J Pharm Sci. 1964; 53: 1273-1275
- Biocidal activities of glutaraldehyde and related compounds.J Appl Bacteriol. 1967; 30: 78-87
- Buffered glutaraldehyde: a new chemical sterilizing solution.Am J Hosp Pharm. 1963; 20: 458-465
- Neutralization of the activity of eight disinfectants.J Appl Bacteriol. 1983; 54: 243-247
- A suspension method to determine reuse life of chemical disinfectants during clinical use.Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988; 54: 158-164
- Mycobactericidal activity of glutaraldehyde solutions.J Clin Microbiol. 1976; 4: 408-412
- Sporicidal activity of glutaraldehydes and hypochlorites and other factors influencing their selection for the treatment of medical equipment.J Hosp Infect. 1980; 1: 63-75
- Air contaminants.Federal Register. 1989; 54: 2332-2464
- Symptoms of irritation associated with exposure to glutaraldehyde.MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1987; 36: 190-191
- Glutaraldehyde: a potential health risk to nurses.SGNA. 1992;June; : 296-300
- Skin and respiratory symptoms from exposure to alkaline glutaraldehyde in medical services.Scand J Work Environ Health. 1988; 14: 366-371
- Ultrasonic synergistic effects in liquid phase chemical sterilization.Appl Microbiol. 1971; 22: 160-164
- Peroxygen compounds.in: 4th ed. Disinfection, sterilization, and preservation. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia1991: 167-181
- Significant factors in the disinfection and sterilization of flexible endoscopes.AJIC Am J Infect Control. 1992; 20: 291-300
- The bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal properties of hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid.J Appl Bacteriol. 1983; 54: 417-423
- Sterilization, disinfection, and antisepsis in the hospital.in: Manual of clinical microbiology. American Society for Microbiology, Washington (DC)1991: 183-200
- Bacteremia caused by Pseudomonas sp. following the use of materials stored in solutions of a cationic surface-active agent.Am J Med Sci. 1958; 235: 621-627
- Benzalkonium chloride as a source of infection.N Engl J Med. 1960; 263: 800-802
- Benzalkonium chloride source of hospital infection with gram-negative bacteria.JAMA. 1961; 177: 708-710
- Antibiotic sensitive Serratia marcescens infections complicating cardiopulmonary operations: contaminated disinfectant as a reservoir.Lancet. 1980; 2: 1289-1292
- Aqueous quaternary ammonium antiseptics and disinfectants. Use and misuse.JAMA. 1976; 236: 2415-2417
- Contaminated aqueous benzalkonium chloride: an unnecessary hospital infection hazard.JAMA. 1976; 236: 2418-2419
- The bactericidal effect of surface-active agents on tubercle bacilli.Public Health Rep. 1950; 48: 1588-1600
- Quaternary ammonium antimicrobial compounds.in: 4th ed. Disinfection, sterilization and preservation. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia1991: 225-255
- Evaluation of microbicidal activity of a new disinfectant: sterilox 2500 against Clostridium difficile spores, Helicobacter pylori, vancomycin resistant enterococcus species, Candida albicans and several mycobacterium species.J Hosp Infect. 1999; 41: 101-105
- Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of a new super-oxidized water, Sterilox®, for the disinfection of endoscopes.J Hosp Infect. 1999; 41: 59-70
- Disposable, sheathed, flexible sigmoidoscopy: a prospective, multicenter, randomized trial.Gastrointest Endosc. 1995; 41: 566-572
- Chemical colitis due to endoscope cleaning solutions: a mimic of pseudomembranous colitis.Gastroenterology. 1988; 95: 1403-1408
- Investigation of an outbreak of bloody diarrhea: association with endoscopic cleaning solution and demonstration of lesions in an animal model.Am J Med. 1992; 92: 476-480
- Pseudomonas infection of the biliary system resulting from use of a contaminated endoscope.Gastroenterology. 1987; 92: 759-763
- Infectious complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography a prospective assessment.Arch Intern Med. 1980; 140: 1076-1077
- In-hospital evaluation of contamination of duodenoscopes: a quantitative assessment of the effect of drying.J Hosp Infect. 1991; 19: 89-98
- Salmonella newport infections transmitted by fiberoptic colonoscopy.Gastrointest Endosc. 1987; 33: 84-87
- Disinfection of gastrointestinal fibre-endoscopes.Lancet. 1974; 1: 656-658
- Experiences and problems in the disinfection of fibre-endoscopes.Endoscopy. 1978; 19: 80-85
- Medical devices: medical device, user facility, distributor, and manufacturer reporting, certification, and registration: proposed rule. 21 CFR parts 803 and 807.Federal Register. 1991; 56: 60024-60030
- Reuse of disposable medical devices: historical and current aspects.Infect Control. 1986; 7: 508-513
- Technical advisory bulletin on reuse of disposable medical devices (catalog no 031700).AHA, Chicago1986
- Hospital accreditation standards.in: JCAHO, Oak Brook Terrace (IL)1997: 244
- Coming clean on reuse of endoscopic equipment.Gut. 1998; 42: 155-156
- Dilution of glutaraldehyde by automatic endoscope machine washers: the need for a quality control program.AJIC Am J Infect Control. 1987; 15: 86
- Quality improvement in gastrointestinal endoscopy: microbiologic surveillance of disinfection.Gastrointest Endosc. 1996; 43: 457-462
- Recent advances in the cleaning and disinfection of fiberscopes.J Hosp Infect. 1981; 2: 329-340
- Microbiological culturing of environment and medical-device surfaces.in: Clinical microbiology procedures handbook. American Society for Microbiology, Washington (DC)1992: 11.10.1-11109
- Investigation of endemic and epidemic nosocomial infection data.in: 3rd ed. Hospital infection. Little Brown, Boston1992: 109-135
- Nosocomial infection and pseudoinfection from contaminated endoscopes and bronchoscopes. Wisconsin and Missouri.MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1991; 40: 675-678
- Guideline for infection control in health care personnel, 1998.Am J Infect Control. 1998; 26 (and Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1998;19:407-631): 289-354
- MMWR Recommendations Rep. 1998; 47: RR-7
Article Info
Footnotes
*Reprint requests: APIC, 1275 K Street NW, Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20005-4006.
**AJIC Am J Infect Control 2000;28:138-55.
Identification
Copyright
© 2000 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
