BACKGROUND: Nearly 700,000 patients are infected with healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)
in the United States each year. Repeat HAIs among frequently hospitalized patients
may be contributing to the high rates of antibiotic resistance seen in gram negative
bacteria (GNB) in hospital settings. The effect of prior antibiotic use and antibiotic
stewardship on antibiotic resistance has been well documented. However, less is known
about the role of previous GNB HAIs on antibiotic susceptibility in subsequent HAIs
with the same organism in an individual patient. This systematic review examines the
state of the literature assessing the association between repeat GNB HAIs and changes
in antibiotic susceptibility patterns across multiple infections.
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