Highlights
- •Intraoperative Staphylococcus aureus multilocus sequence type 5 is hypertransmissible and pathogenic.
- •Intraoperative provider hands and patient skin surfaces are confirmed sources of sequence type 5 transmission.
Background
Increased awareness of the epidemiology of transmission of pathogenic bacterial strain
characteristics may help to improve compliance with intraoperative infection control
measures. Our aim was to characterize the epidemiology of intraoperative transmission
of high-risk Staphylococcus aureus sequence types (STs).
Methods
S aureus isolates collected from 3 academic medical centers underwent whole cell genome analysis,
analytical profile indexing, and biofilm absorbance. Transmission dynamics for hypertransmissible,
strong biofilm-forming, antibiotic-resistant, and virulent STs were assessed.
Results
S aureus ST 5 was associated with increased risk of transmission (adjusted incidence risk
ratio, 6.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.82-24.41; P = .0008), greater biofilm absorbance (ST 5 median absorbance ± SD, 3.08 ± 0.642 vs
other ST median absorbance ± SD, 2.38 ± 1.01; corrected P = .021), multidrug resistance (odds ratio, 7.82; 95% CI, 2.19-27.95; P = .002), and infection (6/38 ST 5 vs 6/140 STs; relative risk, 3.68; 95% CI, 1.26-10.78;
P = .022). Provider hands (n = 3) and patients (n = 4) were confirmed sources of ST
5 transmission. Transmission locations included provider hands (n = 3), patient skin
sites (n = 4), and environmental surfaces (n = 2). All observed transmission stories
involved the within-case mode of transmission. Two of the ST 5 transmission events
were directly linked to infection.
Conclusions
Intraoperative S aureus ST 5 isolates are hypertransmissible and pathogenic. Improved compliance with hand
hygiene and patient decolonization may help to control the spread of these dangerous
pathogens.
Key Words
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: June 12, 2018
Footnotes
Funding/support: Supported by the University of Iowa.
Author contributions: R.W.L. helped design the study, conduct the study, analyze the data, and write the manuscript. F.D. helped analyze the data and write the manuscript. A.D.M.R. helped conduct the study. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.
Conflicts of interest: R.W.L. reported research funding from Sage Medical Inc., has one or more patents pending, and is a shareholder in RDB Bioinformatics, LLC, and 1055 N 115th St #301, Omaha, NE 68154. A.D.M.R. and F.D. have no conflicts of interest.
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© 2018 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
