Highlights
- •Confirmed cases of COVID-19 near the center of China's outbreak were examined.
- •Confirmed cases peaked at about two weeks and then gradually decreased.
- •Main sources of infection were Hubei exposure and contact with confirmed cases.
- •Results suggest that measures taken to control the rate of infection were effective.
- •Prevention and control efforts should be implemented as quickly as possible.
Background
Methods
Results
Conclusions
Key Words
BACKGROUND
National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. What is fecal-oral transmission?Available at:http://www.nhc.gov.cn/xcs/nwwd/202002/f0ada96415be451a8863fbebde104a62.shtml. Accessed February 8, 2020.
National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. National Health Commission Press Conference. Available at:http://tv.cctv.com/2020/02/02/VIDEvAxlTasVtR06YT9dJm52200202.shtml. Accessed February 2, 2020.
The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China. Press Conference of the Joint Prevention and Control of the State Council. Available at: http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/gwylflkjz03/index.htm. Accessed February 9, 2020.
World Health Organization. Question and answer on coronaviruses. Available at:https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses. Accessed February 11, 2020.
A 30-hour old infant in Wuhan diagnosed and mother-to-child infection suspected. Available at: http://news.cctv.com/2020/02/05/ARTIBNDLKFslreOGo0FW6Geu200205.shtml. Accessed February 11, 2020.
National Health Commission of the people's Republic of China. Available at:http://www.nhc.gov.cn/xcs/yqtb/202002/07e5b22758364f2482d83537ef3975d2.shtml. Accessed February 23, 2020.
World Health Organization. Available at:https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200222-sitrep-33-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=c9585c8f_4. Accessed February 23, 2020.
Petition Bureau of Xinyang City. Available at: http://www.xysxf.gov.cn/contents/80/9361.html. Accessed February 23, 2020.
METHODS
Data
Health Committee of Xinyang City. Available at: http://www.hnxywjw.gov.cn/plus/list.php?tid=13. Accessed February 23, 2020.
Health Committee of Fuyang City. Available at: http://wjw.fy.gov.cn/content/channel/5c35be0048787ad14d009195/. Accessed February 23, 2020.
Conceptualization
Statistical analysis
RESULTS
Epidemiological situation
Gender and age distributions
Variable | All confirmed cases | Returnees | Nonreturnees | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | Percentage | n | Percentage | n | Percentage | |
Age | ||||||
0-18 | 21 | 5.05 | 7 | 3.54 | 14 | 6.42 |
19-59 | 328 | 78.84 | 173 | 87.37 | 155 | 71.10 |
60 or older | 67 | 16.11 | 18 | 9.10 | 49 | 22.48 |
Gender | ||||||
Male | 236 | 56.73 | 123 | 62.12 | 113 | 51.83 |
Female | 180 | 43.27 | 75 | 37.88 | 105 | 48.17 |
Source of infection | ||||||
Hubei exposure | 213 | 51.20 | ||||
Confirmed case contact | 108 | 25.96 | ||||
Non-Hubei returnee | 32 | 7.69 | ||||
Other | 63 | 15.14 | ||||
Household clusters | ||||||
Number of cases per household | Number of households | Percentage | ||||
2 | 33 | 64.71 | ||||
3 | 13 | 25.49 | ||||
4 | 2 | 3.92 | ||||
5 | 1 | 1.96 | ||||
6 | 2 | 3.92 | ||||
Total | 130 | 51 |

Time distribution
Infection sources and extent of household infection
The period between the date of return and the date of recovery
Variable | All confirmed cases | Returnees | Nonreturnees | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | Max | Min | Mean | Max | Min | Mean | Max | Min | |
Date of return–date of onset | 6.69 | 33 | −7 | ||||||
Date of onset–date of first visit | 4.44 | 21 | −3 | 4.04 | 13 | −3 | 4.78 | 21 | 0 |
Date of first visit–date of final diagnosis | 3.18 | 19 | 0 | 3.35 | 19 | 0 | 3.02 | 18 | 1 |
Date of final diagnosis–date of recovery | 13.42 | 25 | 5 | 13.64 | 25 | 5 | 13.15 | 25 | 7 |
DISCUSSION
National Health Commission, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, Ministry of Finance. Measures to improve working conditions of and care for physical and mental health of healthcare workers. Available at: http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-02/11/content_5477476.htm. Accessed February 12, 2020.
Statistics Bureau of Fuyang City. Available at: http://tjj.fy.gov.cn/content/detail/5e153c8b7f8b9ad94c8b456d.html. Accessed May 29, 2020.
Henan Provincial People's Government. Available at:http://otada13m96jzaw-z-9rw.3pco.ourwebpicvip.com/sbgt-wztipt/attachment/hntjj/hntj/lib/tjnj/2019/indexch.htm. Accessed May 29, 2020.
Reduce large-scale gathering activities in Wuhan. Available at: https://health.huanqiu.com/article/3wib4AwLIS2. Accessed May 29, 2020.
No new cases in Wuhan for the first time. Available at:http://k.sina.com.cn/article_2490325853_946f5b5d02000kbpg.html?from=news&subch=onews. Accessed July 15, 2020.
The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China. Press Conference of the Joint Prevention and Control of the State Council. Available at:http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/gwylflkjz03/index.htm. Accessed February 7, 2020.
CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
References
- An update on the epidemiological characteristics of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19).Chin J Epidemiol. 2020; 41 (In Chinese): 139-144
- Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China.Lancet. 2020; 395: 497-506
- A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster.Lancet. 2020; 395: 514-523
- First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States.N Engl J Med. 2020; 382: 929-936
National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. What is fecal-oral transmission?Available at:http://www.nhc.gov.cn/xcs/nwwd/202002/f0ada96415be451a8863fbebde104a62.shtml. Accessed February 8, 2020.
National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. National Health Commission Press Conference. Available at:http://tv.cctv.com/2020/02/02/VIDEvAxlTasVtR06YT9dJm52200202.shtml. Accessed February 2, 2020.
The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China. Press Conference of the Joint Prevention and Control of the State Council. Available at: http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/gwylflkjz03/index.htm. Accessed February 9, 2020.
World Health Organization. Question and answer on coronaviruses. Available at:https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses. Accessed February 11, 2020.
A 30-hour old infant in Wuhan diagnosed and mother-to-child infection suspected. Available at: http://news.cctv.com/2020/02/05/ARTIBNDLKFslreOGo0FW6Geu200205.shtml. Accessed February 11, 2020.
- Clinical analysis of 10 neonates born to mothers with 2019-nCoV pneumonia.Transl Pediatr. 2020; 9: 51-60
National Health Commission of the people's Republic of China. Available at:http://www.nhc.gov.cn/xcs/yqtb/202002/07e5b22758364f2482d83537ef3975d2.shtml. Accessed February 23, 2020.
World Health Organization. Available at:https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200222-sitrep-33-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=c9585c8f_4. Accessed February 23, 2020.
- The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China.Chin J Epidemiol. 2020; 41 (In Chinese): 145-151
Petition Bureau of Xinyang City. Available at: http://www.xysxf.gov.cn/contents/80/9361.html. Accessed February 23, 2020.
- The investigation and research on Fuyang's off farm workers.J Fuyang Teach Coll. 2010; (In Chinese): 14-17
Health Committee of Xinyang City. Available at: http://www.hnxywjw.gov.cn/plus/list.php?tid=13. Accessed February 23, 2020.
Health Committee of Fuyang City. Available at: http://wjw.fy.gov.cn/content/channel/5c35be0048787ad14d009195/. Accessed February 23, 2020.
National Health Commission, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, Ministry of Finance. Measures to improve working conditions of and care for physical and mental health of healthcare workers. Available at: http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-02/11/content_5477476.htm. Accessed February 12, 2020.
- Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China.JAMA. 2020; 323: 1061-1069
Statistics Bureau of Fuyang City. Available at: http://tjj.fy.gov.cn/content/detail/5e153c8b7f8b9ad94c8b456d.html. Accessed May 29, 2020.
Henan Provincial People's Government. Available at:http://otada13m96jzaw-z-9rw.3pco.ourwebpicvip.com/sbgt-wztipt/attachment/hntjj/hntj/lib/tjnj/2019/indexch.htm. Accessed May 29, 2020.
- A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China.Nature. 2020; 579: 265-269
- The Novel Coronavirus Originating in Wuhan, China: Challenges for Global Health Governance.JAMA. 2020; 323: 709-710
Reduce large-scale gathering activities in Wuhan. Available at: https://health.huanqiu.com/article/3wib4AwLIS2. Accessed May 29, 2020.
No new cases in Wuhan for the first time. Available at:http://k.sina.com.cn/article_2490325853_946f5b5d02000kbpg.html?from=news&subch=onews. Accessed July 15, 2020.
- An investigation of transmission control measures during the first 50 days of the COVID-19 epidemic in China.Science. 2020; 368 (Accessed May 29, 2020): 638-642
- Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia.N Engl J Med. 2020; 382: 1199-1207
The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China. Press Conference of the Joint Prevention and Control of the State Council. Available at:http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/gwylflkjz03/index.htm. Accessed February 7, 2020.
Article info
Publication history
Footnotes
Conflicts of interest: None to report.
FUNDING: This publication was funded by the Shanghai 3-Year Action Plan for Public Health System Construction (SCREENING STUDY GWIV-18). The funder had no role in the study's design, data collection, analysis, the decision to publish, or the preparation of the manuscript.